The Influence of Socio-Economic Characteristics on the Income of Cayenne Pepper Farmers in North Oba District, Tidore Islands City

Abstract

Cayenne pepper is a horticultural commodity with high economic value that plays an important role in increasing farmers' income. However, farmers' income is still influenced by various socioeconomic characteristics. This study aims to analyze the income level of cayenne pepper farmers and the influence of socio-economic characteristics on farmers' income in North Oba District, Tidore Islands City. The research was carried out in July-September 2025 using a survey method with census techniques on 43 cayenne pepper farmers. Primary and secondary data were analyzed using farming income analysis and multiple linear regression. The results of the study show that farmers' income is influenced by the amount of production costs and farm revenues. Simultaneously, socioeconomic characteristics have a significant effect on farmers' income. Partially, age, education level, farming experience, number of family dependents, and land area have different influences on farmers' income. The value of the determination coefficient shows that most of the variation in income can be explained by the socioeconomic variables studied. This study concludes that socio-economic characteristics play an important role in increasing the income of cayenne pepper farmers so that it needs to be a concern in the formulation of agricultural development policies and programs.