Retraction and Correction Policy

Editorial actions concerning published articles are taken following a careful assessment of the available evidence, the nature and significance of the concern, and applicable publication ethics principles. The primary purpose of corrections and retractions is to maintain a reliable scholarly record and inform readers accurately, rather than to punish authors.

Policy at a Glance

1. Corrections

PROCURATIO: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis may publish a formal correction when an error is identified in a published article and the error does not invalidate the principal findings or conclusions. Corrections are intended to ensure that published information remains accurate, clear, and properly attributed.

Grounds for Correction

Corrections may be considered for the following types of errors:

• Typographical, formatting, or reference errors that may cause confusion or misunderstanding.
• Incorrect author names, institutional affiliations, acknowledgments, or publication details.
• Errors in tables, figures, captions, or reported numerical values that can be corrected without undermining the overall validity of the findings.
• Limited errors in data presentation, calculations, or interpretation that do not materially affect the principal conclusions.

Editorial Procedure

The editor will assess the nature and significance of the reported error and determine whether a formal correction is required. A correction notice must clearly identify the original article, describe the error, specify the correction made, and explain its significance where necessary.

The correction notice will be linked to the original publication and remain accessible to readers. The journal will document the change transparently to preserve the accuracy and traceability of the publication record.

2. Retractions

PROCURATIO: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis may retract a published article when sufficient evidence indicates that its findings or conclusions are unreliable, or when serious violations of research or publication ethics compromise the integrity of the scholarly record. Retraction may be considered whether the problem results from honest error, misconduct, or other circumstances.

Grounds for Retraction

Grounds for retraction may include, but are not limited to:

• Major errors in data, calculations, analysis, or methodology that invalidate the main findings or conclusions.
• Fabrication or falsification of research data, images, results, or other research materials.
• Plagiarism or substantial unattributed overlap with previously published work.
• Duplicate or redundant publication without appropriate disclosure or justification.
• Serious breaches of research ethics, including unauthorized use of data or materials.
• Manipulation or serious compromise of the peer-review process.
• Undisclosed competing interests that materially affect the reliability or interpretation of the research.
• Other substantiated ethical or editorial concerns that significantly undermine the reliability of the published article.

Retraction Procedure

The editor will evaluate the available evidence and may request explanations from the authors, consult independent experts, or contact relevant institutions when necessary. Decisions will be based on a documented assessment of the evidence and applicable publication ethics guidance.

Where appropriate and practicable, authors will be given an opportunity to respond to the concerns before a decision is made. However, the journal may take necessary steps to protect readers and the scholarly record when the circumstances warrant timely action.

3. Expressions of Concern

PROCURATIO: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis may issue an expression of concern when substantial questions arise regarding the reliability, validity, or ethical integrity of a published article, but the available evidence remains inconclusive or an investigation has not yet been completed.

Purpose and Follow-Up

An expression of concern informs readers about unresolved issues that may affect their assessment of an article. The notice should summarize the nature of the concern without presenting unsubstantiated allegations as established facts and must be linked to the original article.

When further evidence becomes available, the journal may publish a correction, proceed with retraction, withdraw the expression of concern where justified, or take other appropriate editorial action.

4. Editorial Responsibility and Reporting Concerns

Authors, readers, reviewers, editors, institutions, and other concerned parties may report errors, suspected misconduct, or other concerns relating to a published article. Reports should provide sufficient details and supporting evidence to enable an appropriate assessment.

In handling reported concerns, the journal will:

• Assess each case individually, objectively, and fairly.
• Review available evidence and seek additional information when necessary.
• Provide authors with an opportunity to respond to allegations where appropriate.
• Maintain confidentiality to the extent possible while allowing a fair and thorough investigation.
• Consult independent experts or relevant institutions when necessary.
• Document editorial decisions and communicate outcomes to relevant parties as appropriate.

The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for coordinating the editorial assessment and determining appropriate action in consultation with the editorial team and, where necessary, independent experts. Decisions will be guided by the evidence, the significance of the issue, and applicable publication ethics standards.

5. Transparency and Preservation of the Scholarly Record

PROCURATIO: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis aims to ensure that corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions are clearly documented and linked to the relevant publication. Notices should provide sufficient information for readers to understand the nature and significance of the editorial action while respecting confidentiality, applicable legal obligations, and the rights of the parties involved.

Editorial actions will be communicated through the journal's publication platform and, where appropriate, relevant indexing and dissemination services. The journal will take reasonable steps to ensure that the status of the affected article is clearly identified and that misleading information is not circulated without appropriate qualification.

6. Guiding Principles